JACKSON, FREEMAN RAYNEY (1838-1900) was the son of the Rev. Francis Jackson, M.A., of Reeth, Yorkshire, and of Emmanuel College, Cambridge. He came to Lyttelton in 1851 and a few years later made a prospecting tour through Otago and Southland and took up the Birchwood run on the Jacob's river and also Manapouri lake station. He contested the Aparima seat in the Southland Provincial Council in 1861 and represented New River in the Council (1861-64). He married (1859) Anna Eleanor Augusta, younger daughter of John Shea Lawlor, of Gurteenrue, county Cork.

About 1866 Jackson moved to Wanganui, where he entered into business in 1874 as an auctioneer and stock and station agent (F. A. Krull being a partner later). He was a member of the borough council and mayor of Wanganui (1892-96). He was for many years secretary of the Wanganui Jockey Club and the Wanganui Gas Co. He died on 8 Jun 1900.

Southland P.C. Proc.; Col. Gent.; Cycl. N.Z., i (p); Roberts, Southland; Wanganui Herald, 8 Jun 1900.

Reference: Volume 1, page 233

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JACKSON, HENRY (1830-1906) was born in England and educated at York College. At 15 he entered as a midshipman in the Indian Navy, in which he served for 17 years and attained the rank of lieutenant. He carried out some marine surveys, including that of the Cocos channel (while in command of the survey ship Krishna) and was attached to the commission which delimited the Turko-Persian boundary. On this duty he rode from the head of the Persian Gulf to Mount Ararat, where three frontiers met, thence to Trebizond and by sea to Constantinople, where he was engaged for three years on his plans. Jackson made many journeys in Persia and Armenia and travelled widely also in India. In 1862, while he was in New Zealand on furlough, the Indian Navy was abolished, and he entered the New Zealand Survey department. Three years later he was appointed chief surveyor in Wellington province. He was a first-class mathematician. In 1879 he retired from the service and was elected to Parliament for the Hutt (defeating Mason). Parliament being dissolved five weeks later, he was defeated by Mason.

Jackson was an accomplished linguist in French, Arabic, Persian and Hindi. He died on 29 Oct 1906.

N.Z. Surveyor, Dec 1906; N.Z. Times, 24, 27 Jun, 16 Dec 1879.

Reference: Volume 1, page 233

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JACKSON, THOMAS (1812-85) was principal of the Battersea Training College and a prebendary of St Paul's, and had made many speeches in England on behalf of the Canterbury Association before being chosen as Bishop of Lyttelton.

When the letters patent were examined it was found that the diocese of New Zealand, to which Bishop Selwyn had been consecrated, could not be divided without his consent, and that therefore Jackson must go out first and be consecrated afterwards. He accordingly came to Canterbury in 1851 in the Castle Eden to take up his see. Each of the ships carried a clergyman selected by him. Jackson had an interview with Selwyn, who was quite ready to relinquish portion of his vast diocese and wished him to go to Sydney for ordination, but after inspecting his diocese he decided to return to England, and on arriving there resigned his appointment. He is described as a talented and amiable man, but not possessing the right qualities for the post to which he had been designated. He was for many years rector of the parish of Stoke Newington. He died on 3 Jun 1885.

Wigram, p. 49; Jacobs; Godley, Letters.

Reference: Volume 1, page 233

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JACKSON, WILLIAM (1832-89) was the son of Samuel Jackson, of Green Hammerton, Yorkshire. At the opening of the Waikato war he was farming at Papakura. He at once volunteered for service, and distinguished himself in repelling an attack on Ring's redoubt at Wairoa, then only partially built. He was then authorised to raise a company of 60 men for the Forest Rangers (Jul 1863), and by the end of the year they were in the field scouring the Wairoa forest and the Hunua ranges. He was present at Mauku (Sep 1863) and on Dec 14 his (No. 1) company surprised a strong body of Maori in a gorge near the source of the Wairoa, and killed eight of them.

The Rangers being reorganised, Jackson raised a fresh company which was attached to the 2nd Waikato Regiment and was actively engaged throughout 1864, being present at Waiari (11 Feb) and Orakau (Mar-Apr). For these services Jackson was thanked and promoted major. When hostilities ceased he settled down on a military grant. Though there was no further fighting, conditions were so uneasy that Jackson raised two troops of volunteer cavalry (one at Te Awamutu), of which he had command for some years.

In 1872 he was elected M.H.R. for Waikato, which he represented to 1875. In 1887 he was again elected to Parliament, this time for Waipa, which he represented to the time of his death (29 Sep 1889). He was Government whip during three sessions. Jackson devoted much energy while in Parliament to securing for the Forest Rangers and Nixon's men the privileges granted to others who served in the war.

Gudgeon (p); Cowan, i (p), and in N.Z. Railways Magazine, 1 Feb, 1936 (p); Parltry Record; N.Z. Herald, 30 Sep, 1 Oct 1889.

Reference: Volume 1, page 233

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JACOBS, HENRY (1824-1901) was born at St Catherine's, Isle of Wight, the son of William Hearne Jacobs. At the age of 10 he entered the Charterhouse, where he was captain of the school in 1841. He went on to Queen's College, Oxford, graduating B.A. in 1845 (first class in classics), and later proceeding M.A. In 1848 he was elected a fellow of Queen's. Ordained the previous year, he was appointed curate of Bassall, Gloucestershire, and in 1848 headmaster of St Nicholas College at Shoreham. He then became vicar of All Saints, Poplar, and in 1850 was chosen as classical professor of the proposed Christ's College in the Canterbury settlement.

Jacobs arrived in the Sir George Seymour and conducted the first service at Lyttelton. In 1851 he held the first service at St Michael's, Christchurch. In Apr 1852 he opened Christ's College grammar school as headmaster. He resigned in 1863 and declined the bishopric of Nelson (1864), to become archdeacon of Christchurch. This post he resigned in 1866 on being appointed dean of the Cathedral. In 1873 he relinquished the charge of St Michael's, and he was again archdeacon of Christchurch (1876-1900). In 1878 Jacobs was commissary while the Bishop was attending the Lambeth conference, and at that time he was created a doctor of divinity. He was for some years editor of the New Zealand Church News, and in 1889 published his history of the Church in New Zealand. He was a distinguished classical scholar, and wrote a good deal of verse, notably Shadows of the Old Church (1870), and A Lay of the Southern Cross (1893). He was much interested in philanthropies in Christchurch, and was associated for many years with the St John Ambulance Association. Jacobs died on 6 Feb 1901.

Buller; Jacobs, op. cit.; Cycl. N.Z., iii; Lyttelton Times, 7 Feb 1901

Reference: Volume 1, page 233

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JAGO, JOHN WESLEY (1830-1904) was born at Nailsworth, Gloucestershire, and at the age of eight was taken to Glasgow and then to Alloa, where he served a four years' apprenticeship to brassfounding. Then he joined the staff of the North British Railway and Shipping Journal and later the Examiner, and then the Caledonian Railway Co.'s Gartsherrie ironworks. Transferred to the company's works at Lugar, Ayrshire, he was dismissed for refusing to assist the Conservative candidate for Ayr Burghs. He found employment with Schrader and Mitchell (leather, bark and hide merchants).

Having signed the pledge at the age of seven, Jago gave temperance addresses when he was 15 as chief ruler of the Phoenix Hope tent of the Juvenile Rechabites at Alloa. About 1861 the Dunedin Total Abstinence Society sought in Scotland for a man to act as agent, and Jago was selected. He sailed for Otago with his wife and family in the Cheviot (1862), and when the engagement expired went into the timber trade with Allan Galt. Later he was a flax exporter and proprietor of a bonded warehouse in Stuart street. In 1872 he was appointed manager of the Evening Star, which he controlled until his death (on 18 Nov 1904). Jago was an officer of the Congregational Church in Moray place, which he helped to found, and was chairman of the Congregational Union of New Zealand in 1889. He also took a deep interest in the Salvation Army.

In provincial politics he supported Reid against Macandrew, and he contested the Parliamentary seat for Port Chalmers against Macandrew. He stood also at a Provincial Council election for Dunedin. He was a member of the Otago education board in 1890, and some years chairman of the George street school committee. Having superintended a temperance mission in Glasgow, Jago, on arriving in New Zealand, collaborated with Sir William Fox and helped to introduce the Order of the Sons of Temperance (of which he became Grand Worthy Patriarch). He was chief templar of the first Good Templar lodge in Dunedin (1872) and was G.W.C.T. at the grand lodge at Christchurch in 1877. He edited the Temperance Advocate and its successor, the Temperance Herald; was president of the New Zealand Alliance (1898-99) and wrote and spoke a great deal on the subject of temperance. (See JOSHUA STRANGE WILLIAMS)

Cycl. N.Z., iv (p); Evening Star, 19 Nov 1904.

Reference: Volume 1, page 234

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JAMESON, JAMES PURVIS (1824-96) was born and brought up in London. He came to New Zealand in the Sebastopol (1863). He was in business as a merchant in Christchurch and had farms at Leeston and Coalgate. In 1868 he was elected to the City Council and in 1871 he was mayor. He took an active interest in fostering New Zealand industries, and was a promoter and sometime president of the industrial association. He helped to establish the Kaiapoi Woollen Co. and was a director of the Mutual Benefit Building Society. Jameson died on 6 Sep 1896.

The Press, 7 Sep 1896.

Reference: Volume 1, page 234

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JEBSON, JOHN (1819-1900) was born at Flockton, near Wakefield, Yorkshire, and worked at the coalmines at the age of five. By attending night schools, he ultimately qualified as a mining engineer and worked in that capacity in Yorkshire and Lancashire before coming to New Zealand in the Zealandia in 1862. He supervised the construction of telegraph lines between Lyttelton and Christchurch and the West Coast, and was appointed manager of the Kowai Coalmining Co. When the company suspended operations he bought the lease and worked the mine for 20 years. He was the first chairman of the East Malvern road board and represented Rakaia in the Canterbury Provincial Council (1874-75). Jebson was 10 years chairman of the school committee, and was one of the founders of the Methodist Church, Malvern, of which he was a local preacher. He died on 22 Apr 1900.

Canterbury P.C. Proc.; Cycl. N.Z., iii (p); Lyttelton Times, 24 Apr 1900.

Reference: Volume 1, page 234

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JELLICOE, JOHN RUSHWORTH JELLICOE (1859-1935), 1st Earl, was born at Southampton, the son of Captain J. H. Jellicoe. Educated at Rottingdean, he entered the Britannia as a cadet (1872), and served with the Channel squadron during the Egyptian war (1882). He distinguished himself at the Naval College and in 1891, after a period of staff duty, he became assistant to the director of naval ordnance. He was in the Victoria when she was sunk in collision with the Camperdown (1893).

In 1897, being now a captain, Jellicoe was a member of the ordnance committee. During the Boxer war, in which he was flag captain in the Centurion, he commanded the naval brigade and acted as chief of staff to Admiral Seymour during the attempt to relieve the legations at Peking (1900). He was severely wounded. (C.B. 1900.) In 1902 Jellicoe was naval assistant to the Controller of the Navy. In 1905 he returned to sea duty as Director of Naval Ordnance and Torpedoes. Promoted rear-admiral in 1907, he served for more than a year in the Atlantic fleet and was then a Lord Commissioner of the Admiralty and Controller of the Navy (1908-10). During the next year or two he commanded the Atlantic fleet and in 1911-12 the second squadron of the Home fleet, being then appointed Second Sea Lord of the Admiralty. On 22 Jul 1914 he was appointed commander-in-chief of the Home fleet.

On the outbreak of the war of 1914-18 Jellicoe was appointed commander-in-chief of the Grand Fleet. He was in supreme command during the first two years of the war, having his fleet of capital ships based all the time at Scapa Flow and exercising a general command of the North Sea (G.C.B. 1915; G.C.V.O. 1916). When the pressure of the German blockade became severe, and public opinion demanded that the Navy should pass to more aggressive action, Jellicoe succeeded (May 1916) in bringing the German High Sea Fleet to action off the coast of Jutland. After a fight lasting throughout the day, in which the battle cruisers and cruisers suffered heavy losses, and the battle squadrons were for some hours engaged, the German fleet escaped under cover of night to the shelter of Heligoland and Wilhelmshaven, leaving the British fleet in command of the sea, which was never again challenged. He received the Order of Merit in 1916. In November of that year Jellicoe gave up the command to become First Sea Lord, and that position he vacated at the end of 1917, when he was created Viscount Jellicoe of Scapa.

At the end of the war he was invited by the British Government to confer with the Dominion governments on Empire defence. He sailed for this purpose in H.M.S. New Zealand, flying the flag of admiral of the fleet, to which rank he had been promoted for the occasion. Having returned from that mission, he was appointed Governor-general of New Zealand, assuming the administration on 27 Sep 1920. Jellicoe's term of office was marked by no special event or incident, and he retired with the good wishes of all classes on 26 Nov 1924. Having gone on the retired list in that year, he was created an earl (1925).

At the close of the war Lord Jellicoe received the freedom of the City of London, with a sword of honour; honorary degrees from the Universities of Glasgow, Oxford, Cambridge and St Andrews, and many decorations from foreign governments. After his retirement he served as a Boy Scout commissioner for the county of London; was chairman of the National Rifle association; and vice-president of the British Legion (1928-32). He made his maiden speech in the House of Lords (on the naval treaty) in May 1930.

Jellicoe died on 20 Nov 1935. He married (1902) Florence Gwendoline, daughter of Sir Charles Cayzer.

R. Bacon, Life of John Rushworth, Earl Jellicoe and The Jutland Scandal; J. E. T. Harper, The Truth about Jutland and The Riddle of Jutland; Corbet, Naval Operations; The Times, 21 Nov 1935.

Reference: Volume 1, page 234

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JENKINSON, JOHN EDWARD (1858-1937) was born in Dunedin, the son of John Hartley Jenkinson, wharfinger. Educated at state schools, he served his time to boilermaking in a Dunedin foundry and shipbuilding yard. In 1882 he joined the first labour union—the Dunedin boilermakers—by which he was elected president and deputed in 1883 to form unions in other cities. He also represented the union at the conference with New South Wales boilermakers in 1883, with a view to forming an Australasian federation. Jenkinson was one of the committee of three appointed to draw up rules for the Canterbury trades council and for the railway servants' union. He inaugurated technical classes under the auspices of the unions in Christchurch and represented his trades council at several annual conferences. For some years he was president of the tailoresses' union and treasurer of the Labour Day celebrations committee.

Jenkinson was called to the Legislative Council in 1892 (one of the number appointed to create a Government majority), and was a member till 1914. On retiring, by the effluxion of his third term in 1914, he contested the Clutha seat in the House of Representatives. He was keenly interested in New Zealand history and was president for some years of the Wellington Early Settlers' association. Jenkinson died on 29 Nov 1937.

N.Z.P.D., 1 Mar 1938; Who's Who N.Z., 1908; Otago Witness, 17 Mar 1931; Evening Post and The Dominion, 30 Nov 1937. Portrait: Parliament House.

Reference: Volume 1, page 234

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JENNER, HENRY LASCELLES (1820-98) was a son of Sir Herbert Jenner Fust, judge of the Court of Arches. Educated at Harrow, he was fond of music and was himself a fine singer and successful composer. At Cambridge he played in the XI and was a scholar of Trinity Hall, where he took his LL.B. (being placed second in the law tripos in 1841). He was ordained deacon (1843) and priest (1844), and held the cures of Chevening (Kent), St Columb Major (Cornwall), Antony (Cornwall) and Brasted (Kent). He became vicar of Preston-by-Wingham, near Sandwich, Kent, in 1854, and played for the Kent XI. In 1852 he was made a minor canon of Canterbury Cathedral. There he founded the choral union and was for five years its precentor, and secretary of the ecclesiological society.

In 1865, on the request of the deanery board in Otago, Archbishop Longley selected Jenner as first bishop of Dunedin, the new diocese about to be established out of the southern portion of Christchurch diocese. Objections to his appointment were lodged, and the rural deanery board rejected the appointment (Feb 1866). Jenner was duly consecrated (Aug 1866), and made preparations for his departure for New Zealand. Meanwhile it came to the knowledge of the people of his prospective diocese that he favoured a rather advanced type of ritual. Bishop Harper warned him in England not to come out, as he had not resigned the new diocese. Accordingly when Jenner arrived in Lyttelton (Jan 1869) Harper forbade him to take any official part in public worship, but allowed him to hold meetings in the hope that his charm of manner and high attainments might heal the breach. Eventually the diocesan synod held its first meeting (17 Apr 1869), Harper being present. A discussion which lasted until 6 a.m. culminated in a decision adverse to the acceptance of Jenner as bishop, and he shortly afterwards sailed for England.

In 1871 the Archbishop of Canterbury reaffirmed his right to the see but said that he advised him to forego it. Jenner did resign in 1871, but protested against Bishop Nevill's assumption of the office. In New Zealand Selwyn insisted that Jenner had been consecrated with as much formality as he himself; that there had been undue delay in lodging a protest against the appointment, and that he was, in fact, the first bishop of Dunedin. This view was upheld by the English bishops in 1872 and 1875.

Jenner had received the degree of D.D. from Cambridge University on his appointment to the bishopric. He continued vicar of Preston until his death (which occurred on 18 Sep 1898). He took a warm interest in the French phase of the Old Catholic movement, and during the period 1882-93 made periodical visits to Paris as Bishop of the Eglise Catholique Gallicane. He published a number of musical compositions, including some much admired hymns.

Crockford; Jacobs; Purchas; Tucker; Hocken, Bibliog.; Otago Daily Times, Jan-May 1869, 3 Nov 1898.

Reference: Volume 1, page 235

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JENNINGS, WILLIAM THOMAS (1854-1923) was born in Auckland (his parents having arrived in 1849), and received his education at St Paul's school there and at Dunedin. He was apprenticed to printing to his uncle, W. H. J. Seffern (q.v.) in the New Zealander office at Auckland, and after completing his term went in the early seventies to the Thames, where he became foreman of the Guardian. He was later foreman of the Otago Guardian and manager of the Dunedin Age and then of the Oamaru Mail. Returning to Auckland he became foreman of the Star (1882).

Jennings took a leading part in labour organisation, being connected at different times with the Knights of Labour and president of the Auckland trades and labour council, the tailoresses union (1898-1900) and the typographical union. He was keenly interested in social reform, and was secretary for some years of the Auckland Liberal association. In 1892 he was called to the Legislative Council, in which he sat until 1902, watching carefully all social measures. He resigned (1902) to contest the Egmont seat, which he won and held until 1908. In the following Parliament he represented Taumarunui (1908-11), being defeated by C.K. Wilson. In 1915 he was returned for Waitomo, which he represented until 1922, when he was defeated by J. C. Rolleston. His devotion to the welfare of the bush settlers in Taranaki and the King Country was noteworthy. He was a member of the Auckland Grammar School governors, the Taranaki school commissioners and the Waitara harbour board. As a volunteer he held a commission in the Hobson rifles and the engineer corps, and was secretary of the Rifle Association. Jennings died on 6 Feb 1923.

N.Z.P.D., 9 Feb 1923; Scholefield, Union Catalogue; Parlty Record; Cycl. N.Z., ii (p), vii; Who's Who N.Z., 1908; Auckland Star, 17 Oct 1892; N.Z. Times, 7 Feb 1923. Portrait: Parliament House.

Reference: Volume 1, page 235

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JERVIS, HENRY MAHON (1820-1901) was born at Stroud, Kent, educated there and in London, and trained to mercantile life. He came to New Zealand in the ship London, arriving at Port Nicholson Dec 1840 and intending to settle at Bay of Islands. Early in 1841 he sailed in the Brougham with the Company's surveyors, seeking a site for the Taranaki settlement. (His diary of this journey was published in the New Zealand Herald in Mar 1892.) Fearing that his goods had been lost in the schooner Jewess, Jervis walked overland by the coast to Wellington. He spent some time sawing timber in the Hutt valley, but the floods carrying it away he commenced trading in Wellington.

In 1842 he visited Nelson, and chartered a schooner of 70 tons to visit the ports on the west coast of the North Island. Reaching Onehunga at the time of Hobson's death (Sep 1842), he sailed in the schooner Osprey for Hobart and walked overland to Launceston. He traded Tasmanian produce with New Zealand ports, and eventually settled for 12 months at Hicks Bay. In 1845 he returned to Auckland, and worked for Scott and Davis. Early in the fifties he married, and for some years he was associated with Nathan and Co., for whom he managed the shipping and troop business. He retired from this service about 1860 to act as agent for passenger ships trading to New Zealand, and became New Zealand manager for the Panama Mail Co. and Hall's Californian line, and agent for the Australian and New Zealand Co.'s services.

For a short time Jervis was engaged in mining ventures at Thames and Coromandel, but in 1870 he returned to Auckland and purchased the Golden Crown Brewery, which was afterwards acquired by Campbell and Ehrenfried. He died on 14 Sep 1901.

Cycl. NZ., ii (p); N.Z. Herald, 5 Mar, 14 May 1892, 16 Sep 1901.

Reference: Volume 1, page 235

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JERVOIS, SIR WILLIAM FRANCIS DRUMMOND (1821-97) was born at Cowes, Isle of Wight, the son of General William Jervois, K.H. Educated at Dr Burney's academy at Gosport and Barry's school at Woolwich, he entered the Royal Military Academy in 1837. (2nd lieut. Royal Engineers 1839; lieut. 1841; capt. 1847; brev. major 1854; brev. lieut-col. 1861; lieut-col. 1862; col. 1872; maj-general 1877; lieut-gen. 1882; colonel commandant of Royal Engineers 1893.) Jervois sailed for the Cape in 1841, and served on the construction of defensive posts on the eastern frontier against the Kaffirs. Late in 1842 he was brigade-major to a mixed force to check the Boers at Colesberg. He built a bridge over the Fish river at Fort Brown and a road to Fort Beaufort, and did much surveying and engineering in Natal, Cape Colony and Kafraria, part of the time under military escort. His work was warmly praised by Sir Harry Smith. In 1849-52 Jervois commanded a company of his corps at Woolwich and Chatham, and in making the defences of Alderney. In 1855 he was commanding Royal Engineer in the London district, and in 1856 assistant inspector-general of fortifications. Next year he was appointed (in addition) secretary to the defence committee, and in 1859 to the royal commission on the defences of the Kingdom. The defences of dockyards and naval bases were for the most part designed by him. In 1862 he was director of works for fortifications and confidential adviser to the secretaries for war. In 1863 he reported on the defences of British North America, and during the Civil War he visited the principal forts on the Atlantic seaboard of the United States. (C.B. 1863) He replied with energy and success to criticisms of his plans. In 1869 Jervois visited Halifax, Bermuda, Gibraltar and Malta, and in 1871-72 the Red Sea and India. He was close at hand when Lord Mayo was assassinated at the Andaman islands. (K.C.M.G. 1874 for services in Canada.) In 1875 Jervois was appointed governor of Straits Settlements, where he sent commissioners to govern Perak in the name of the sultan. He received the thanks of the Government of India for a successful campaign against the ruler. In 1877 he was appointed adviser on defence to the governments of the Australian colonies. In July he was appointed Governor of South Australia and, after taking over his duties, he visited New Zealand and Tasmania in continuation of his work as adviser. (G.C.M.G. 1878.) His recommendations were accepted and generally carried out.

After five years of successful administration in South Australia, Jervois was appointed to New Zealand, taking up his duties on 20 Jan 1883. His reports on our defences created genuine interest, and the war scare of 1885 assisted the Government in inaugurating a scheme of defence. Jervois incurred a certain amount of criticism by his intervention to prevent the New Zealand Government sending a national vessel to Samoa when the king made overtures for protection (1884). His views on defence and imperial policy were very sound, but occasionally daring, as for instance when he expressed the opinion that Chinese labour was the most suitable for the development of parts of Australia. He completed his term in New Zealand on 18 Mar 1889, and left behind him the reputation of a highly successful and popular governor.

In 1890 he was a member of Stanhope's committee on coast defence duties, when he strongly urged that the Navy should be entrusted with the protection of naval bases. He contributed many papers on engineering and fortification to technical and service journals. In 1892 he revisited Australia. He died on 16 Aug 1897. Jervois married (1850) Lucy (d. 1895), daughter of William Norsworthy.

D.N.B.; Royal Engineers records; Saunders; Gisborne (p); Scholefield, Pacific; The Times, 18 Aug 1897.

Reference: Volume 1, page 236

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JOHNSON, GEORGE RANDALL (1833-1919) was a son of the Rev. Richard Johnson, M.A., and was born at Lavenham, Suffolk. He was educated at Eton and Clare College, Cambridge (B.A. 1857; M.A. 1860). He was a fine cricketer, and on one occasion played for the Gentlemen of England. He was called to the bar of Lincoln's Inn (1861). In the late sixties, with his brother, J. W. Johnson (q.v.), he took up the Maraetaha station at Young Nick's Head. He was a member of the Legislative Council from 1872 to 1892, when he retired to live in England. There he was a justice of the peace, living at Stalham and Tunstead, Norfolk. He married Lucy, daughter of Colonel A. Hamilton Russell. Johnson died on 24 Nov 1919.

N.Z.P.D., 29 Jun 1920; Col. Gent.; The Times, 13 Apr 1920. Portrait: Parliament House.

Reference: Volume 1, page 236

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JOHNSON, JAMES WOODBINE (1844-99) was born at Lavenham, Suffolk, and educated at King Edward's School, Bury St Edmunds, and at Rugby. He then proceeded to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1865. After visiting Queensland, he came to New Zealand (1867) and, with his brother (G. R. Johnson, q.v.) took up the Maraetaha station, of 9,300 acres, at Young Nick's Head, Poverty Bay. He was a justice of the peace, a member of the road board, and chairman of the Cook county council (1877-78, 1881). He represented Turanganui in the Auckland Provincial Council (1873-75). He was a captain in the militia, and a member of the Gisborne High School trust, and president of the Poverty Bay Turf club. Johnson died on 11 Oct 1899. (See SIR MAUI POMARE)

Cycl. N.Z., ii (p); Col. Gent.

Reference: Volume 1, page 236

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JOHNSON, SAMUEL (1827-1905) was born at Manchester, educated there and, having served his apprenticeship to the printing trade, started in business (1850). He drifted into journalism, and had some experience in connection with the Manchester Daily Telegraph. In 1858 he went to Castleford, Yorkshire, as editor and proprietor of the Castleford Guardian.

While there he became interested in the proposed Nonconformist settlement at Albertland (1862), with which he allied himself as printer and editor of the newspaper. He sailed for Albertland in the Matilda Wattenbach, taking a printing plant with him. The first numbers of the Albertland Gazette and Ocean Mail were published on the voyage, and the paper was continued at Port Albert till 1864. Meanwhile Johnson had assisted to maintain himself and his family by acting as postmaster and secretary to the settlement. In 1866 he moved to Blenheim, where he established the Marlborough Express. He took an active part in politics, being a member of the Provincial Council for Lower Wairau (1872-74). He founded the Blenheim fire brigade, of which he was captain.

In 1868 he took a printing press to Fiji, and established the News and Planters' Journal at Levuka. Returning to New Zealand, Johnson eventually sold his interest in the Express (1880), and in 1883 purchased the Waipawa Mail, which he sold to a local company in 1884. He remained there until his death (on 6 Aug 1905), engaging in journalism and taking part in local affairs. He was chairman of the building society and secretary of the Waipawa school committee.

Buick, Marlborough; Scholefield, Union Catalogue; Brett, Albertlanders (p); Hawkes Bay Herald, 7 Aug 1905.

Reference: Volume 1, page 236

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JOHNSTON, ALEXANDER JAMES (1820-88) was the eldest son of James Johnston, banker, of Wood Hill, Kinnelar, Aberdeenshire. He was educated at Marischal College, and later at King's College, London, and in Paris. He graduated M.A. at Aberdeen in 1835 and then, being too young to be called, he spent two years in France, Italy and Russia, and in 1838 entered at Lincoln's Inn to read for the bar. In 1841 he was admitted as a special pleader. While still reading he published, in 1842, a short treatise on exchequer bills. Called to the bar by the Middle Temple in Jan 1843, Johnston practised till 1858 on the Northern Circuit and at the West Riding sessions. In 1857 he was deputy recorder of Leeds. He also practised in Westminster Hall and before parliamentary committees. From 1847 to 1858, with the Hon G. Denman and J. P. Bulwer, he contributed to the Law Journal the reports of the Court of Common Pleas, and he collaborated with Mr Justice Chitty in works on law.

In 1858, pursuant to a resolution of both Houses of the New Zealand Legislature, Johnston was selected as a puisne judge of the Supreme Court. Her Majesty's warrant was issued for the post in Apr, and he arrived in New Zealand in Oct. For the next 17 years he lived in Wellington, and in 1875 removed to Christchurch, where he presided for the remainder of his life. In 1867 and in 1884 Johnston was acting-Chief Justice, and several times acting-Governor. He published Notes on Maori Matters (1860), observations respecting the law upon riots and the defence of person and property by private persons; three volumes of the reports of the Court of Appeal (1867-77); three editions of the New Zealand Justice of the Peace and Coroner (1863, 1870 and 1879) and The Practice of the Supreme Court. He was a member of several royal commissions, including that on statute law consolidation (1879). In 1861 Johnston was deputed to consider the claims of the Ngati-Awa to lands in Taranaki. He presided at the trial of most of the native prisoners during the Te Kooti and Titokowaru risings and of the Maungatapu murderers. As a criminal lawyer he showed great acumen. On the bench he upheld in a determined manner the high traditions and lofty tone of British justice. A man of great culture and high attainments, he had a dry humour, was socially popular and interested in social movements, and was a lover of music in all forms, and of art. (In 1861 he lectured on "The Influence of Art on Human Happiness.") At the time of his death he was chairman of the committee which established the home for the aged needy in Christchurch. His wife (Amelia Devonport Yallop), who died in 1885, was also closely associated with all philanthropic objects. Johnston died on 3 Jun 1888, while visiting England.

E. Maxwell; N.Z. Times, 4 June 1888; Portrait: General Assembly Library.

Reference: Volume 1, page 236

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JOHNSTON, JOHN (1809-87), who claimed descent from the Johnstons of Annandale, was in business in London before leaving for New Zealand with his wife and young family by the Prince of Wales in 1841. He entered into business in Wellington, and soon established the wholesale house of Johnston and Co.

Johnston evinced an early interest in public affairs. He spoke at the Reform banquet (1849), and was a member of the Settlers' Constitutional Association the following year. He represented the Wellington Country district in the Provincial Council (1855-59, 1861-65) and sat for Karori and Makara (in which district he made his home) 1865-72. In 1858, 1861, and 1868 he was a member of the executive. Johnston was called in 1857 to the Legislative Council and, with the exception of a year when he was absent, he sat continuously until his death. Though never a prominent politician, he was for a few weeks in 1866 a member of Stafford's executive. He paid close attention to his business, from which he retired in 1878, leaving it to his two sons, Walter and Charles (q.v.). He was a broad-minded and large-hearted citizen, and one of the earliest freemasons in the colony.

Johnston died on 16 Nov 1887.

Wellington P.C. Proc.; Cycl. N.Z., i; Ward; N.Z. Times, 17 Nov 1887; Evening Post, 10 Oct 1929 (p). Portrait: Parliament House.

Reference: Volume 1, page 237

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JOHNSTON, ROBERT, was educated at Foyle College, Londonderry. In 1855 he joined the 89th regiment (Royal Irish Fusiliers) as ensign, being promoted lieutenant the same year and serving in the Crimea, India and South Africa. He bought out in 1862 and, coming to New Zealand, served in the war with the 2nd Waikato Regiment. (Lieutenant 1863; captain 1864). After the war Johnston adopted teaching, and conducted a grammar school in Wellington and later the Portora school in Blenheim. In 1876 he closed his school in Blenheim, and joined the Wellington education board. He died on 29 Jun 1922.

Marlborough Express, 1 Sep 1937.

Reference: Volume 1, page 237

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JOHNSTON, SIR CHARLES JOHN (1845-1918), the third son of John Johnston (q.v.), was a native of Wellington. He was educated at Toomath's Commercial and Grammar School; at the Catholic College of St Mary in Derbyshire, and at Kensington College, London. He returned to New Zealand in 1864 and entered his father's business.

From 1881-87 he was M.H.R. for Te Aro, resigning his seat to visit England. When Wellington celebrated the jubilee of the settlement Johnston, as a native of the town and a son of one of its founders, was elected chief magistrate (1890-91). He was called to the Legislative Council in 1891, being one of the last nominated on the old system of life-membership; and continued in the Council for the rest of his life. In 1915 he was elected speaker, and he held office until his death on 13 Jun 1918. (His knighthood was practically posthumous).

Johnston married Alice Margaret (1850-1931), daughter of Dr Featherston. He was a local director of the Australian Mutual Provident Society, and was for many years a director and chairman of the Wellington Woollen Co. He served in the Wellington Naval Volunteers, and was eventually commander of the brigade. He took part in the Parihaka expedition (1881). His eldest son, FRANCIS EARL JOHNSTON (1871-1917), was a lieutenant in the North Staffordshire Regiment in 1891. (Captain 1900; major 1911; colonel 1914.) He served in the Sudan (1896), and South Africa (1900-02). In the war of 1914-18, he commanded the first New Zealand infantry brigade in Egypt, Gallipoli and France. (CB. 1915). He was killed in action on 7 Aug 1917. Johnston married a daughter of A. G. Fell (Wellington).

N.Z.P.D., 15 Aug 1917, 25 Oct 1918; Cycl. NZ., i (p); Who's Who N.Z., 1908; Studholme; Ward; N.Z. Times, 14 Jun 1918; Evening Post, 10 Oct 1929. Portrait: Parliament House.

Reference: Volume 1, page 237

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JOHNSTON, SYDNEY (1841-1917) was a son of John Johnston (q.v.), and was born in Wellington. Educated at the Jesuit College at Stonyhurst, Lancashire, he returned to New Zealand in 1860 and married Sophy, daughter of Colonel Lambert. In 1887 he succeeded to his father's property at Oruawharo, Hawke's Bay.

Johnston represented Waipukurau in the Hawke's Bay Provincial Council (1863-67 and 1871-75). He died on 28 Jun 1917.

Hawkes Bay Herald, 3 Jul 1917.

Reference: Volume 1, page 237

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JOHNSTON, WALTER WOODS (1839-1907) the eldest son of John Johnston (q.v.), was born in London. He received his education in New Zealand, and afterwards in France, and then joined his father's business in Wellington.

Johnston entered Parliament in 1871 as member for Manawatu, which he represented continuously until 1884. In the last three years he served as Postmaster-general and Minister of Public Works in three successive governments (those of Hall, Whitaker, and Atkinson). He was a sound administrator. In 1888 he was elected one of the shareholders' committee to investigate the condition of the Bank of New Zealand. When the head office of the bank was transferred to Wellington (1894), he was elected a shareholders' director, but resigned the following year to accept appointment as a government director under the new scheme of control. He was also a director of the Equitable Assurance Society of the United States.

Johnston married (1868) a daughter of Forster Goring (q.v.). He died on 31 Aug 1907.

N.Z.P.D., 3 Sep 1907; Cycl. NZ., 1 (p); Ward; N.Z. Times, 1 Sep 1907; Evening Post, 10 Oct 1929

Portrait: Parliament House.

Reference: Volume 1, page 237

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JOHNSTON, WILLIAM (1825-91) was born at Moffat Water, Dumfriesshire, and came to Otago in 1857. He accompanied J. MacGibbon to Southland and worked on a run at Hokonui. In 1859 he took up land at One Tree Point, and eventually settled on a property at Wreys Bush, Southland, which he greatly improved. He was an expert judge of sheep.

Johnston is said as early as 1858 to have transported to Invercargill by bullock sledge half a ton of cheese made by himself and his wife. He represented Roslyn in the Southland Provincial Council (1864-69), and Waihopai (1869-70). For a few weeks in 1869 he was speaker. After the reunion with Otago he represented Southland for a few months in the Otago Provincial Council. He was a member, and sometime chairman, of the Wallace county council, and was a candidate for the Wallace parliamentary seat in 1890, but withdrew at a late stage. Johnston died on 15 Jul 1891.

Southland Times, 17 Jul 1891; J. P. Young in Otago Daily Times, 25 Apr 1895.

Reference: Volume 1, page 237

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JOHNSTONE, CAMPBELL (1863-1930) was born at Waiuku, the son of Captain J. Campbell Johnstone (of the 2nd Punjab infantry, H.E.I.C.S., who saw much service in India and settled at Raglan in the early sixties, dying there on 20 Jun 1882). He went to Raglan at an early age, and settled on a block at Whatawhata, where he carried on extensive farming operations. He married (1891) Clementina, daughter of Charles Alexander (of Te Awamutu).

Johnstone was 28 years a member of the Raglan county council (and 20 years chairman); a member of the Waikato hospital board from 1909 (chairman from 1926), and a member of the Auckland harbour board, the highways council, the counties association, the hospital boards association and the Raglan licensing committee. He was a prominent racing owner and a member of the committee of the Waikato Racing and Trotting clubs. He died on 2 Oct 1930.

N.Z. Herald, 3 Oct 1930.

Reference: Volume 1, page 237

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JOLLIE, EDWARD (1825-94) came of a Huguenot family which fled to Scotland from France, and moved to Cumberland about the end of the eighteenth century. He was the fourth son of Francis Jollie, of Brampton, near Carlisle. At the age of 17 he came to New Zealand in the Brougham as a survey cadet under the New Zealand Company, landing in Nelson in Mar 1842.

In 1846 he was sent to Otago to assist in surveying the Otago block. The work was let in contract blocks, Jollie being engaged, in partnership with Wylie and A. Wills, on a block which included Clutha, Kaihiku, and Waiwera. There he became acquainted with Captain Thomas, who undertook the block between the Clutha and Tokomairiro rivers. After leaving Otago Jollie spent some time in Nelson farming with his brother, on the understanding that as soon as the locality of the Canterbury settlement was decided upon, he should join Thomas in the survey. In the meantime Jollie made the first overland trip with sheep between Nelson and north Canterbury by way of Jollie's pass. He moved to Lyttelton in Aug 1849 to start on the survey. The survey of Lyttelton was satisfactorily accomplished and in Oct he proceeded on a similar duty to Sumner, and then to Christchurch. While there he lived in a grass hut at The Bricks belonging to the surveyor Scroggs.

In planning Christchurch Jollie laid out a few crescents, which Thomas disallowed. He also proposed streets two chains wide, in which trees could be planted. In naming the streets in Lyttelton and Christchurch the names of bishoprics of the Church of England were read out of the peerage one by one, approved by Thomas, and written upon the map. The work was completed by Mar 1850, and 11 months later Jollie was present when the settlers made their first selections. He made his permanent home in the province, and practised his profession of surveyor for some years. A great deal of south Canterbury was surveyed by him and Hewlings. In 1859 he was sent to survey the government town of Timaru.

In 1860 Jollie was elected M.H.R. for Cheviot, but other business compelled him to resign in 1861. In that year he married Caroline Armstrong, daughter of the Rev John Muggeridge Orsmond. In 1865 he was elected to represent Heathcote in the Provincial Council, and he almost immediately became a member of Tancred's executive, in which he served for 12 months. In 1866 he was elected for Selwyn, which he represented until 1876. On the Council reassembling in 1866, he was leader of an executive for a few weeks. In Mar 1868, he again took office, and continued until Jun 1869. He was then defeated and remained out of office for 12 hours. Returning to the government benches as provincial secretary, he was in office until Apr 1870. Once more (1874-75) he was in the executive, under the leadership of Montgomery.

On the abolition of the provinces Jollie turned his attention to farming on his property at Southbridge, and in 1879 he went to England, where he remained for five years. On his return he took up land at Waireka, near Patea. He also had an interest in the Napier land and estate business of Jollie, Fulton and Co. He died on 7 Aug 1894. Jollie was one of the founders of the Christchurch Club (1856).

Canterbury Papers; Canterbury P.C. Proc.; The Press, 15 Dec 1900, 2 Aug 1900 (p); Napier News, 7 Aug 1894; Jollie, typed reminiscences in Alexander Turnbull Library. Portrait: Parliament House.

Reference: Volume 1, page 238

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JOLLIE, FRANCIS (1815-70) was the eldest son of the Rev. F. Jollie. He arrived in Nelson by the Fifeshire (Jan 1842) and was settled before the Wairau affray. For a short period he acted as resident agent for the New Zealand Company. He took a leading part in the demand for a constitution, and when the provinces were established (in 1853) he stood for the superintendency of Nelson against Stafford, but was defeated: Stafford, 251; Saxton, 206; Jollie, 130.

In 1853 Jollie moved to Canterbury and took up land at Peel Forest. In 1855 he paid a visit to the Old Country and, returning in 1858, married and lived for a short period in Christchurch. His interests being in south Canterbury, Jollie took up the cudgels on behalf of the out-districts, demanding for the settlers the right to spend their revenue on their own works. In 1861-66 he represented Timaru in Parliament, and in 1866-70 he represented Gladstone. For a short while in 1866 he was Colonial Treasurer in the Stafford ministry, but he retired on a reconstruction forced by Moorhouse, who declined office for himself. He was a quiet, unassuming member of Parliament, but always assertive of the rights of his district, and his efforts had much to do with securing for south Canterbury the Timaru and Gladstone board of works, which controlled the expenditure of local revenues.

In Nelson and in Timaru Jollie did useful work as a leader writer for the Nelson Examiner and the Timaru Herald. He had intended retiring from politics when his death occurred on 30 Nov 1870.

Acland; Arnold; Col. Gent.; The Press, 2 Aug 1930.

Reference: Volume 1, page 238

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JONES, FREDERIC (1832-90) was born at Arley Castle, Shropshire, and educated by the Rev G. Wharton. He qualified as an architect and spent some years with Haslam and Butler, London. In 1863 he came to Canterbury for health reasons in the Chariot of Fame, and for some years was in the employ of F. Jenkins, builder, with whom later he started an unsuccessful flaxmill at Kaiapoi. He was afterwards with W. Montgomery and Co.

Jones was a member of the Heathcote road board, and member and sometime chairman of the South Waimakariri board of conservators (afterwards the South Waimakariri river board). He made a valuable report on the protection of Christchurch against flood. In 1881 he was elected to the Selwyn county council, and he took part in formulating the Halswell drainage scheme (1882). From 1883 till his death he was chairman of the Cashmere domain board, and for some years he was chairman of the hospital and charitable aid board (1886-87). In 1887 he was twice successful in parliamentary elections for Heathcote, which he represented to the time of his death (8 Sep 1890). Jones was interested also in the horticultural society, the industrial association and the Lancaster Park Co. He took part in the proceedings of the sweating commission.

Lyttelton Times, 1 Oct 1890. Portrait: Parliament House.

Reference: Volume 1, page 238

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JONES, GEORGE (1844-1920) was born at Upper Hutt, and went with his parents to Australia, where he was educated in the common schools and at the Scales Academy and the Grammar School at Geelong. He served part of his apprenticeship there, finished in the Government printing office in Brisbane, and took employment as a journeyman compositor in the Bulletin office, Rockhampton. In 1863 he came to Christchurch and was employed on the Standard, the Lyttelton Times and The Press. In 1866 he went into business as a printer and publisher, having as partner George Tombs, founder of the firm of Whitcombe and Tombs. Having sold out to Tombs (1868), he started a business in Auckland, where for a time he printed the Star. In 1872 he founded the Waikato Times at Ngaruawahia, and in 1874 he founded the Echo in Auckland. This he sold late in 1875 to Reed and Brett and moved his plant to Dunedin. There on 8 Jan 1876 he and G. M. Reed published the first issue of the Evening News, founded to support provincial institutions against their growing enemies. The News closed down on 9 Jan 1878. Jones spent a year on the Otago Guardian and in 1877 purchased the Evening Mail at Oamaru. He changed the name to the Oamaru Mail, which he conducted with signal success as a Liberal organ. In 1909 he formed the business into a company. About the same time he acquired the Southland News, which he formed into a company controlled by his family, two of his sons being editors of the two papers.

Jones believed that the journalist should hold himself aloof from local bodies, and accordingly took no part in public affairs beyond membership of musical societies. He was a fine violinist and was for many years conductor of the Oamaru Garrison band, which he raised from a humble standard to achieving success in contests. Reluctantly he was drawn into political life as the outcome of an article which he wrote in 1877 charging Sir F. Whitaker with having promoted the native land bill in the interests of himself and his friends. Called before the bar of the House, he was adjudged guilty of a breach of privilege and sentenced to be confined, but as he could not be retained in custody after Parliament prorogued, he was prosecuted in the courts in Dunedin and acquitted. The publicity of this trial gave a considerable fillip to the paper, and Jones was drawn into politics as a result. On the resignation of T. W. Hislop in 1880, he was elected member for Waitaki, defeating John Reid and W. H. S. Roberts. He did not stand again in 1881, as he would not oppose Shrimski for the town seat and he believed that the country should be represented by a farmer. T. Y. Duncan was thus returned. Jones became an active supporter of Sir William Fox on the liquor question, and an ardent advocate of prohibition. His political views were strongly democratic, and he believed in the leasehold tenure of land and the subdivision of large estates. He was called to the Legislative Council in 1896, and was a member till 1916, and again from 1918 till his death (on 16 Dec 1920). He married (1865) Dorothy, daughter of Stephen Tweedy, of Sunderland and Canterbury.

N.Z.P.D., 11 Mar 1921; Paul; Scholefield, Union Catalogue; Cycl. N.Z., iv (p); The Press, 25 May 1911; Evening Star and Otago Daily Times, 17 Dec 1920. Portrait: Parliament House.

Reference: Volume 1, page 238

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JONES, JOHN (1809-69) was born in Sydney, the son of Thomas Jones, an early settler of New South Wales. He was an adventurous youth in days and conditions which offered no premium to the educated boy, and therefore he found advancement with his hands and native commonsense. As a boy he went to sea in a schooner, and thus first saw the shores of New Zealand. Having saved a little money while serving before the mast, Jones bought himself a boat and took to the calling of a waterman in Sydney Harbour. His savings he invested so carefully that when he was only 20 years old he was a partner in three whaling ships which frequented the New Zealand waters from Port Jackson. He seems to have been the invigorating factor in the business, which went ahead from the moment of his intervention.

In 1835 Jones purchased for himself for £800 the Sydney Packet, in which he sailed as his own supercargo round the whaling stations of southern New Zealand. The year before he had become interested in Bunn's whaling station at Preservation Bay, and in 1836 he had three boats and 36 men working for him there. Two years later he had stations at Awarua, in 1839 at Aparima and Waikawa, and in that year also he acquired from the natives at Waikouaiti an area of land which soon became a veritable oasis in the wilderness of uncultivated prairie and bush. Jones in 1840 took a first step towards forming an organised colony by inducing eleven families of English people from New South Wales to emigrate to his land at Waikouaiti. He offered a fixed sum per year, and at the end of two years the freehold of 60 acres of land per family. Intent on assuring the permanence of the settlement, he prevailed on the Wesleyan Missionary Society to send a missionary to Waikouaiti, the house, chapel, and school being provided by him. Accordingly on her next voyage Jones's schooner brought James Watkin (q.v.) and his wife to act as clergyman and teachers to the children of whalers, settlers and Maoris.

In the early forties Jones was attracted to Wellington by the arrival of emigrants there, and for a while he had some business association with W. M. Bannatyne. He kept the schooner Scotia constantly trading with Sydney, taking whalebone and oil from New Zealand. On one occasion he placed his schooner, fully manned and provisioned, at the disposal of the Government for use in necessary operations or in taking succour to whites. During the alarm following the fight at the Wairau two of his vessels were thus at call. Jones suffered in the slump of 1842, but maintained his New Zealand holdings. In 1844 Mr Watkin was replaced as missionary by the Rev Charles Creed, who was in Otago when the pioneers arrived in 1848. About 1846 Jones made his home at Waikouaiti, a sort of feudal lord among his retainers, who found him a hard enough taskmaster, but generous and just. Anticipating the arrival of the settlers in Otago, he established a trading store to supply them with necessary commodities, and he earned the good opinion of the immigrants by his fair dealing. He moved to Dunedin in 1854. He was now a considerable merchant with ships of his own maintaining a regular trade around the coasts of New Zealand and to Sydney. He purchased Captain Bellairs's house at Fern Hill, which later he replaced by a stone building, afterwards known as the Fernhill Club. In 1859, in co-operation with the firm of Cargills, he purchased the paddle steamer Geelong, and a few years later the paddle steamer City of Dunedin. In 1863 the steamer Golden Age first came to Dunedin. Jones had a quarter share in her, and with this basis he founded the Harbour Steam Navigation Co., which prospered in spite of setbacks. The Albion and Scotia were added to the fleet, and the firm obtained a contract from the provincial government to run regular services between Dunedin, Oamaru and way ports.

Jones's own creation, the Harbour Co., developed into the Union Steam Ship Co. His business on shore expanded very materially as a result of the discovery of gold (1861). He was now in a thoroughly substantial way, and attempted to defeat the note issue of Macandrew and Co. He subsequently issued notes on his own credit, payable on demand. It is said that at one time £20,000 of these notes were in currency. Jones nevertheless suffered with others in the periodical slumps which struck the province. In that of 1866 he was able by judicious assistance to narrow the disaster that visited the community. At a time when 15 and even 20 per cent. was being charged on mortgage, Jones was content with 10.

In public life Jones knew his limitations. He was at the head of the poll for the Dunedin town board in 1855 (and chairman in 1856), but generally declined to accept public positions. Sir George Grey, when he visited Dunedin in 1867, referred to him as a tried personal friend of more than 20 years' standing. Yet Jones was careful to decline the offer of a call to the Legislative Council. "A large-hearted man with the simple instincts of a child," was one description applied to him—a tall, muscular figure, adorned usually in his later days with a tall silk hat and a black coat. He was a liberal patron of the churches of all denominations. Besides building and endowing the Church of England at Waikouaiti, he gave land for St Paul's, Dunedin, and he insisted that the clergy should travel free of charge in his ships.

Jones married in 1830 Sarah Sizemore (d. 1864). He died on 16 Mar 1869.

His eldest son, JOHN RICHARD JONES, was a landowner in Waikouaiti district, where he farmed the Matanaka property until his removal to Dunedin in 1876. In Dec 1862 he was elected to represent Hampden in Parliament. Vogel was also nominated, but did not demand a poll. Jones resigned before the next session. As an executor for his father, he attended the meeting in 1869 at which the interests of the Dunedin Harbour Ferry Co. were developed into the Union Steamship Co. Jones married (1855) Mary (d. 1906), daughter of John Orbell. He died on 4 May 1911.

Cycl. N.Z., iv (p); Hocken, Otago; McNab; Whaling; McIndoe; Roberts; Shortland, 79, 106; Purchas; Pratt; Christie; Otago Daily Times, 5 May 1911, 31 Jan 1930 (P).

Reference: Volume 1, page 239

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JONES, JOSHUA (1845-1918) was born in Wales, educated in England and travelled widely. He spent some years in the constabulary in South Australia; and on the goldfields in the Northern Territory, where he was associated with the local organisation for self-government. Coming to New Zealand, he took up a section in the Moa block at Tariki, Taranaki. Moving to Mokau he became on friendly terms with the King natives; negotiated for the lease of the Mokau block and led a survey party into the King Country. In 1878 he assisted to arrange a meeting between Rewi and Sir George Grey. In 1892 Jones proceeded to England to obtain capital for opening up the mineral resources of the Mokau. While there he is said to have been a poor law guardian in a London metropolitan borough. After returning to New Zealand he was engaged in protracted litigation and parliamentary applications. He died on 7 Jan 1918.

App. H.R., 1879, ii H35; 1888, G4, 4a, 40, 1.7: 1910, Ila; 1912, ii 1.47. Taranaki Herald, 12 Jan 1918.

Reference: Volume 1, page 239

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JOUBERT, JULES (1824-1907) was born at Angouleme, France, in 1824, educated at Bordeaux and the College Bourbon, Paris; and in 1839 sailed in the corvette Heroine for Brazil, Madagascar and Bay of Islands. He then left the ship and sailed in the schooner Martha for Sydney, where he spent seven years in the French consulate, attaining the position of chancellor. In 1840 he accompanied Lavaud (q.v.) in the Aube in the capacity of interpreter.

Resigning his post after the French revolution of 1848, he went to South Australia, where he invested in town property. The gold discoveries in Victoria in 1851 revived his prospects, and he carried swag and shovel to the diggings at Mount Alexander, where he was commissioned by a contractor to erect a block of government buildings. He afterwards started a store at Sawpit Gully. In 1853 he was present in the French cruiser Catinat at the hoisting of the French flag in New Caledonia. After making and losing a fortune in trade and speculations, Joubert was for some years secretary to the Agricultural Society of New South Wales (1867-78). While in this position he went to France to study the Exposition, and on his return he and R. E. N. Twopeny established the first international exhibition (1881). For his services at the Paris exhibition (1878) he received the ribbon of the Legion of Honour. He promoted exhibitions at Adelaide, Perth and Calcutta, and in 1889 was general manager of the Dunedin and South Seas exhibition. In the following year he published in Dunedin Shavings and Scrapes from Many Parts.

Loyau; Joubert, op. cit.; Otago Daily Times, 26 Nov 1889 (p).

Reference: Volume 1, page 239

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JOWSEY, THOMAS (1853-1934) was born at Middlesbrough, Yorkshire, educated at Dr Grieve's academy, and enlisted in the army. He served for seven years in India with the 15th Hussars, retiring as a non-commissioned officer. In 1883 he came to New Zealand, and for the next 20 years was house manager of the Timaru hospital. He was keenly interested in the Timaru Rifles, in which he attained the rank of major in 1899. He served in South Africa (1900-02) in command of the 3rd New Zealand Contingent (Rough Riders), which at General Brabant's request was permanently attached to his column. (C.M.G. 1901.) Jowsey remained in Timaru for a year or two after the war, and then moved to Christchurch, where he founded and managed the United Services Hotel. He eventually settled in Waihi in the service of the Waihi Goldmining Co. There he was for some years a member of the borough council and of the hospital board (of which he was chairman for three years).

Ranfurly; Who's Who N.Z., 1902-32.

Reference: Volume 1, page 239

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JOYCE, JAMES PARKER (1835-1903) was born at Southampton, England, where he was educated and entered the customs service. In 1855 he emigrated to Victoria, and in 1858 to Southland. He was stockman on Tuturau station, in which he afterwards bought a share, and was clerk of the town board of Invercargill (1864-65). Some time later he became editor of the Southland Times, and then part proprietor of the Southland News, of which he was editor for 40 years.

Joyce was M.H.R. for Wallace (1876-79), for Awarua (1881-84), and for Te Aro (1884-87). In Invercargill he was a promoter of the Horticultural Society. He married (1862) Miss Caydzien (Edinburgh) and he died on 16 Jan 1903.

Beattie i, ii; Cycl. N.Z., iv; Pyke; Otago Daily Times, 16 Jan 1903.

Reference: Volume 1, page 239

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JOYCE, JOHN (1839-99) was born at St Ives, Cornwall, of Irish extraction. As a boy he went to sea in a fishing smack. In 1854 he emigrated to Victoria with his father (Captain Michael Joyce, 1816-95) who was an officer of the Victorian water police, and he spent three years (also in the water police) at Williamstown. When retrenched out of that service he was in charge of a hooker of 55 tons.

In 1861 he came to New Zealand and was in the water police at Port Chalmers for a while before being appointed clerk of the magistrate's court. Four years later he was articled to Howorth and Hodgkins and, having qualified in law, was admitted to the bar (1873). He practised for a few years in Dunedin (with J. A. D. Adams) and then removed to Canterbury, practising in Christchurch and Lyttelton. He was chairman of the Sydenham school committee and a member of the borough council, and was mayor (1879-81). Intending to establish a deep-sea fishing company, he again settled in Lyttelton and became a member of the borough council in 1885. He was three years a member of the Canterbury education board and for many years superintendent of the Wesleyan Sunday school in Lyttelton.

Joyce entered Parliament in 1887 as member for Lyttelton (supporting the Stout-Vogel party) and was in Parliament continuously till 1899 (for Akaroa 1893-96, Lyttelton 1896-99). He died on 1 Dec 1899. He was an enthusiastic volunteer. In 1883 he raised the Sydenham rifles (of which he was captain), and he was the first major of the Canterbury rifle battalion (1885-91). He married a daughter of G. Coates (Christchurch).

Cycl. N.Z., iii; Russell; Otago Daily Times, 15 Feb 1895; Lyttelton Times, 2 Dec 1899. Portrait: Parliament House.

Reference: Volume 1, page 240

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JOYNT, JOHN WILLIAM (1852-1933) was born in County Wicklow, Ireland, and was educated in a school at Kilkenny and at Santry school, Dublin. He proceeded to Trinity College as a first-class sizar and had a brilliant career there, winning several classical scholarships, the vice-chancellor's prize and the Berkeley gold medal for the highest distinction in classical scholarship and double first class honours. He was awarded in 1879 the gold medals of the Historical and Philosophical societies. Next year he graduated M.A. and sat at once for his fellowship but, his health breaking down, he came to New Zealand.

In 1889 he was appointed headmaster of Nelson College, of which he had control for 10 years. On the establishment of Victoria University College in 1898, Joynt was an applicant for the chair of classics. Shortly afterwards he was appointed registrar of the University of New Zealand, a position he held from 1899 to 1910. He was also for a year or two lecturer in German at Victoria College and for some years an examiner for the University. In 1910 he went to London, where he acted as representative of the University of New Zealand until he retired in 1931. He represented New Zealand on the executive of the Imperial Universities Bureau. He died on 22 May 1933.

Univ. of N.Z. Calendar; Nelson Coll. O.B. Reg.; Cycl. N.Z., ii (p); Who's Who N.Z., 1908, 1924, 1932; Evening Post, 24 May 1933; Nelson Evening Mail, 19 Sep 1931; The Times, 24 May 1933.

Reference: Volume 1, page 240

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JOYNT, THOMAS INGHAM (1830-1907) was born in County Galway, Ireland, and educated there and in Dublin. He served his articles in a solicitor's office in the capital (where he became acquainted with H. B. Gresson, q.v.). In 1856 he emigrated to Canterbury in the Mariner with his wife and child. After being clerk to the bench in Lyttelton and Christchurch, he entered Gresson's office and was later articled to T. S. Duncan. He was admitted to the bar in 1863 and commenced to practise on his own account. Joynt was an eloquent pleader and a witty conversationalist. In 1907 he was appointed a K.C. He was member of the Canterbury Provincial Council for Kaiapoi from 1871 till the abolition, and a member of the executive under Rolleston (1874-75). He contested the Christchurch parliamentary seat without success against J. Holmes. His death occurred on 5 Sep 1907.

The Press, 8 Jun, 6 Sep 1907.

Reference: Volume 1, page 240

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JULIUS, CHURCHILL (1847-1938) was born at Richmond, Surrey, and educated at Blackheath Proprietary school, at King's College, London, and Worcester College, Oxford, where he graduated B.A. (1869) and M.A. (1871). He was ordained deacon (1871) and priest (1872). His first curacy was at St Giles, Norwich (1871). In 1873 he became curate of South Brent, Somersetshire; in 1875 vicar of Shapwick; in 1878 of Holy Trinity, Islington, and in 1884 of Christ Church pro-Cathedral in Ballarat. Julius came to Australia in the barque South Australian, and was for some time archdeacon of Ballarat and dean of the Cathedral. While there he was elected (1889) to the bishopric of Christchurch. The consecration took place on 1 May 1890. Cambridge University conferred on him the D.D. in 1893, and in 1920 the honorary LL.D. Julius was a man of great personal charm and wide gifts; tolerant, industrious, an eloquent emotional preacher and an orator of some distinction. In 1922 he succeeded Nevill (q.v.) as primate of New Zealand, becoming at the same time the first archbishop in the province. He had then been in holy orders for 53 years and a bishop for 35. Two years later he announced his retirement from the see of Christchurch, which took place in Apr 1925. He was warden of Christ's College (1890-1925) and a governor of Canterbury College (1890-1920).

In his retirement Julius devoted much of his leisure to mechanical pursuits, including clockmaking (at which he was expert), electricity and radio. His clock hospital was a feature of his home for many years, and he spent one vacation repairing the organ in the old church at Paihia, Bay of Islands. He married (1873) Alice (who died in 1918), daughter of Colonel M. J. Rowlandson.

Crockford; Cycl. N.Z., iii (p); Star-Sun and The Press, 2 Sep 1938 (pp).

Reference: Volume 1, page 240

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JULIUS, HERBERT AMELIUS, was a runholder in North Otago and a prominent figure on the turf, being clerk of the course to the Oamaru Jockey Club. In 1867 he was elected to represent Oamaru Town in the Otago Provincial Council. His death occurred on 31 May 1868.

Reference: Volume 1, page 241

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